Fundamental rights and duties
Tarea 2. Derechos y deberes fundamentales
The exam includes 3 of 25 questions from this block. Below are all the questions of the block from the official 2026 manual, each with an English translation, the correct answer and an explanation.
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- 2001
En España, la Constitución obliga a todos los ciudadanos a practicar una religión.
In Spain, the Constitution requires all citizens to practise a religion.
CorrectWrong
Correct answer: Falso.
False. Article 16 guarantees freedom of religion, including the right to have no religion at all. Spain has no state religion; it is a secular (aconfesional) country.
- 2002
Los españoles que obtienen la nacionalidad por residencia deben esperar tres años para poder votar en las elecciones.
Spaniards who obtain nationality by residence must wait three years before they can vote in elections.
CorrectWrong
Correct answer: Falso.
False. Citizenship by residence gives the same rights as citizenship by birth, including the right to vote. You can vote as soon as you become a citizen; there is no three-year wait.
- 2003
En España, la Constitución prohíbe la tortura y la pena de muerte.
In Spain, the Constitution prohibits torture and the death penalty.
CorrectWrong
Correct answer: Verdadero.
True. Article 15: everyone has the right to life and to physical and moral integrity. The death penalty is abolished and torture is forbidden.
- 2004
El funcionamiento de los partidos políticos tiene que ser democrático.
Political parties must function democratically.
CorrectWrong
Correct answer: Verdadero.
True. Under Article 6 parties can be created freely, but their structure and functioning must be democratic.
- 2005
Se puede obligar a alguien a decir cuáles son sus ideas políticas o religiosas.
Someone can be forced to say what their political or religious beliefs are.
CorrectWrong
Correct answer: Falso.
False. Article 16: no one can be made to declare their political or religious beliefs. This applies to employers and to the State alike.
- 2006
Se puede limitar a una persona el derecho a entrar y salir libremente de España por motivos ideológicos.
A person's right to enter and leave Spain freely can be restricted for ideological reasons.
CorrectWrong
Correct answer: Falso.
False. Article 19 allows everyone to enter and leave Spain freely, and this right cannot be restricted for political or ideological reasons.
- 2007
La Educación Primaria (de 6 a 12 años) es gratuita y obligatoria.
Primary education (ages 6 to 12) is free and compulsory.
CorrectWrong
Correct answer: Verdadero.
True. Primary school (Educación Primaria) runs from 6 to 12; it is compulsory and free. After that comes ESO until 16, which is also compulsory.
- 2008
La Constitución garantiza el derecho de los españoles a una vivienda digna.
The Constitution guarantees Spaniards the right to decent housing.
CorrectWrong
Correct answer: Verdadero.
True. Article 47 recognises Spaniards' right to decent, adequate housing (vivienda digna y adecuada). It doesn't promise a free flat, but it obliges the authorities to have a housing policy.
- 2009
En España la policía puede entrar en cualquier casa sin resolución judicial en cualquier momento.
In Spain the police can enter any home at any time without a court order.
CorrectWrong
Correct answer: Falso.
False. The home is inviolable (Article 18). The police can only enter with the owner's consent, with a court order, or if a crime is being committed inside at that moment.
- 2010
Se garantiza el secreto de las comunicaciones de los españoles, salvo resolución judicial.
The privacy of Spaniards' communications is guaranteed, except by court order.
CorrectWrong
Correct answer: Verdadero.
True. The secrecy of mail and phone calls is protected by Article 18. It can only be lifted by a court order.
- 2011
La Constitución reconoce el derecho de los ciudadanos a asociarse libremente.
The Constitution recognises citizens' right to associate freely.
CorrectWrong
Correct answer: Verdadero.
True. The right of association is set out in Article 22. Only associations with illegal aims are banned.
- 2012
Los profesores pueden enseñar con libertad, dentro de los límites de la Constitución.
Teachers can teach freely, within the limits of the Constitution.
CorrectWrong
Correct answer: Verdadero.
True. Article 20 recognises academic freedom (libertad de cátedra). Its limits are the same as for any freedom: respect for other people's rights and for the Constitution.
- 2013
La Constitución reconoce únicamente los derechos fundamentales de los españoles.
The Constitution only recognises the fundamental rights of Spaniards.
CorrectWrong
Correct answer: Falso.
False. The Constitution protects not only Spaniards but also foreigners living in Spain. Foreigners enjoy fundamental rights, although, for example, they cannot vote in general elections.
- 2014
Los ciudadanos deben colaborar con los jueces si se lo piden.
Citizens must cooperate with judges if asked to.
CorrectWrong
Correct answer: Verdadero.
True. Article 118: court decisions must be obeyed, and if a court asks for help, for example by calling you as a witness, you must cooperate.
- 2015
La ley limita el acceso de terceras personas a datos de carácter personal.
The law limits third parties' access to personal data.
CorrectWrong
Correct answer: Verdadero.
True. Article 18 limits outsiders' access to personal data. That is where Spain's data protection law comes from, and all the consent forms you sign almost everywhere.
- 2016
La libertad de prensa está limitada por el respeto al honor de las personas.
Freedom of the press is limited by respect for people's honour.
CorrectWrong
Correct answer: Verdadero.
True. Under Article 20 there is no censorship, but press freedom has limits: a person's right to honour, privacy and their own image, and the protection of children.
- 2017
En España las causas de separación y divorcio están reguladas por la ley.
In Spain, the grounds for separation and divorce are regulated by law.
CorrectWrong
Correct answer: Verdadero.
True. Under Article 32 the law regulates marriage, the rights of spouses and the grounds for separation and divorce. The minimum age to marry is 16.
- 2018
La atención sanitaria gratuita es solo para personas mayores de 65 años.
Free healthcare is only for people over 65.
CorrectWrong
Correct answer: Falso.
False. Public healthcare is free for everyone entitled to it, at any age. There is no “over 65 only” rule.
- 2019
En España los hombres y las mujeres tienen los mismos derechos.
In Spain, men and women have the same rights.
CorrectWrong
Correct answer: Verdadero
True. Article 14: Spaniards are equal before the law, and discrimination on grounds of sex is forbidden. Men and women have the same rights.
- 2020
La enseñanza obligatoria consta de dos etapas: Educación Primaria y Educación Secundaria Obligatoria.
Compulsory education has two stages: Primary Education and Compulsory Secondary Education.
CorrectWrong
Correct answer: Verdadero
True. Compulsory schooling has two stages: Primaria (ages 6–12) and ESO (ages 12–16). The Bachillerato after 16 is no longer compulsory.
- 2021
En España hay una religión oficial.
Spain has an official religion.
CorrectWrong
Correct answer: Falso.
False. Spain is a secular state with no official religion (Article 16). The Catholic tradition is strong, but it is not a state religion.
- 2022
La atención sanitaria pública es gratuita.
Public healthcare is free.
CorrectWrong
Correct answer: Verdadero.
True. The public health system is free at the point of use: you don't pay for a doctor's visit or an operation. It is funded by taxes.
- 2023
La enseñanza básica en España es solo para los extranjeros.
Basic education in Spain is only for foreigners.
CorrectWrong
Correct answer: Falso.
False. Basic education is compulsory and free for all children living in Spain, whatever their nationality.
- 2024
En España está reconocido el derecho de asociación.
The right of association is recognised in Spain.
CorrectWrong
Correct answer: Verdadero.
True. The right of association is recognised by Article 22 of the Constitution. Associations must be registered.
- 2025
Los sindicatos pueden participar en negociaciones con empresarios y con el Gobierno.
Trade unions can take part in negotiations with employers and with the Government.
CorrectWrong
Correct answer: Verdadero.
True. Unions negotiate collective agreements with employers, and the largest ones take part in social dialogue with the Government and sit on the Consejo Económico y Social.
- 2026
Los trabajadores tienen derecho a hacer huelga.
Workers have the right to strike.
CorrectWrong
Correct answer: Verdadero.
True. Article 28 gives workers the right to strike. During a strike, minimum services (servicios mínimos) must be kept running, for example in transport or hospitals.
- 2027
La libertad ideológica está garantizada solo en parte del territorio nacional.
Freedom of belief is only guaranteed in part of the country.
CorrectWrong
Correct answer: Falso.
False. Freedom of belief is guaranteed throughout Spain, with no exceptions for any region.
- 2028
Todos los ciudadanos tienen acceso al sistema de Seguridad Social público, excepto si están desempleados.
All citizens have access to the public Social Security system, except the unemployed.
CorrectWrong
Correct answer: Falso.
False. Article 41 promises access to public Social Security for everyone and specifically mentions people without work. The unemployed are among the first to be protected.
- 2029
Todos tienen derecho a disfrutar de un medio ambiente adecuado para el desarrollo de la persona, así como el deber de conservarlo.
Everyone has the right to enjoy an environment suitable for personal development, and the duty to preserve it.
CorrectWrong
Correct answer: Verdadero.
True. Article 45 sets out both sides: everyone has the right to a healthy environment and the duty to look after it.
- 2030
En España, los poderes públicos deben proteger la salud y promover el deporte.
In Spain, the public authorities must protect health and promote sport.
CorrectWrong
Correct answer: Verdadero.
True. Under Article 43 the authorities protect public health and promote health education, physical education and sport.
- 2031
La enseñanza básica en España es obligatoria y gratuita.
Basic education in Spain is compulsory and free.
CorrectWrong
Correct answer: Verdadero.
True. Article 27: basic education is compulsory and free. It covers ages 6 to 16.
- 2032
La ley prohíbe la discriminación por cualquier circunstancia personal o social.
The law prohibits discrimination on the grounds of any personal or social circumstance.
CorrectWrong
Correct answer: Verdadero.
True. Article 14 forbids discrimination on grounds of birth, race, sex, religion, opinion or any other personal or social circumstance.
- 2033
En España, los ciudadanos pueden desplazarse libremente por todo el territorio nacional.
In Spain, citizens can move freely throughout the country.
CorrectWrong
Correct answer: Verdadero.
True. Article 19: you can travel freely anywhere in Spain, without permits or passes.
- 2034
Los jueces administran la justicia en España según las indicaciones del Gobierno.
Judges in Spain administer justice following the Government's instructions.
CorrectWrong
Correct answer: Falso.
False. Justice comes from the people, and judges administer it independently (Article 117). They take no instructions from the Government; that is the whole point of the separation of powers.
- 2035
Los españoles deben ayudar en los casos de catástrofe o calamidad pública.
Spaniards must help in cases of disaster or public emergency.
CorrectWrong
Correct answer: Verdadero.
True. Article 30 requires citizens to help in serious danger, disasters and public emergencies.
- 2036
En España los ciudadanos pueden elegir en qué ciudad quieren vivir.
In Spain, citizens can choose which city they want to live in.
CorrectWrong
Correct answer: Verdadero.
True. Article 19 gives the right to freely choose where you live in Spain.
Questions and answers from the official Instituto Cervantes “Manual de preparación de la prueba CCSE 2026”.Manual on the Cervantes websiteIllustrations: Wikimedia Commons, free licences (CC BY-SA and others); the author is shown when you enlarge a photo.